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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties can produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, tarter flavor profile and are often utilized in blends of beans to give them added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of global production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in various flavour profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee are affected by the conditions in the conditions it is grown and the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word that means berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were invigorated by eating the fruits. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly all over the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are in a position to thrive when exposed to cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons why Arabica is considered to be the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethical sourcing of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to make unique coffees that work well with many brewing methods. Blending allows control over the taste, aroma and body of the coffee. It is typically used to create a consistent and balanced flavor that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most commonly used variety of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants that naturally occur. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica, and coffeebeans can grow in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more unroasted coffee beans per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economically viable crop to cultivate.

Although it might seem odd Robusta beans are frequently combined with arabica to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee, it's likely that there's some Robusta in there as well.

Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to reduce costs and ensure the quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor, you should choose a high quality bean from a reliable source. The best way to do this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football that makes them different from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive scent that is fruity and floral with subtle smoky undertones. They are often added to other speciality coffee beans bean types to give them a richer and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and can withstand hot, humid climates. They also have a better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. You can purchase seeds on the internet from a variety of sources, however it's recommended to purchase locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils, with moderately acidic pH, and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another type of expensive coffee beans bean is Excelsa, which was once thought to be a separate species, but has been re-classified as an alternative to Liberica. These coffee beans with an oval shape are grown on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. They have a unique taste that is both fruity and tart which makes them a popular choice for blends in house. They have a more subtle aroma and higher caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta however they possess a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa online coffee beans beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta even though they are the fourth most popular. In fact they were regarded as a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were changed to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of teardrops and have a dark, mysterious taste. They're often used in blends to add body and a delicious, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive at higher altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They also have a touch of acidity. If brewed and roasted correctly, they can have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee worldwide, and is responsible for 40% of the coffee consumed globally. These beans are rounder and smaller, yet contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two types and have an earthy, woody taste.

Now that you've learned the four most popular types of coffee beans you can now choose the perfect coffee. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor pick an arabica or a blend made up of robusta beans and arabica beans.