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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a fan of coffee, you likely already know that different varieties of beans have different flavor profiles. Find out more about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a type of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, more tart flavor profile and are often used in coffee blends for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee with 75% of global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter flavor than Robusta and come in a variety profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee are influenced by the conditions under which it is grown as well as the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" derives from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were invigorated by eating the fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee grew quickly all over the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high quality coffee beans altitudes and are capable of thriving when exposed to cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the most delicious coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on ethical sourcing of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to create unique coffees that can be used in many brewing methods. Blending allows control over the taste, aroma and body, as well as the acidity of coffee. It is generally utilized to create an even and balanced taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular type of Coffee beans Types bean around the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants found naturally. However, these acids may cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and may result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and does well in direct sun. It produces more coffee beans sale per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

Although it may sound contradictory however, arabica and robusta beans are often blended to create light roast coffee beans blends. If you see the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag and you can be sure that there's a bit of robusta as well.

While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans but the majority do mix both varieties to lower cost and maintain the quality. In order to preserve the quality of the flavor, it's essential to select a premium bean from a supplier you are confident with. The best method to achieve this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other coffee bean varieties. They have a distinctive scent that is fruity and floral with subtle smoky undertones. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to give them a richer and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They can grow in low altitudes, and they can tolerate hot, humid climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal to grow at home. You can purchase seeds online coffee beans from a number of sources, but it's best to purchase them from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH as well as adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was previously considered a separate species but was re-classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on large 20-30-foot coffee plants that are located at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, making them a popular option for blends made at home. They have a lighter flavor and lower caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most coveted type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't quite as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually considered to be a different species of coffee until 2006 when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. These beans have a distinctive teardrop-shaped shape and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They are often blended to add body and a rich tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They grow best at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They can be a bit acidic. If properly brewed and roasted they may have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second to Arabica and is responsible for about 40% of the world's coffee. Robusta is rounder and smaller, but contain more caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

After having a better understanding of the four most popular types, it's now time to select your favorite brew. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth, delicate flavor, opt for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.