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It consists in the effort of will that results from it, in the moral improvement that is its successful conclusion. In this way we have wished to demonstrate that the most refined artists and also the most elevated moralists can take pleasure in travel books, that they are not only of scientific interest, above all if, like the one we are recommending here to the reader, they testify to the highest intelligence and the most admirable energy. It is France that M. de Cholet speaks of in these terms, and it seems to us as we finish his book, that he is also talking about himself. What animates this book and gives it so much interest, is in effect vitality in all its forms, the voluptuous life of artistic imagination that applies itself to the most diverse landscapes and recreates them, the austere life of thought that meditates upon the most weighty problems of history, the energetic life of a will without limits and without weaknesses that pursues the most difficult enterprises and steers them to good purpose.

The travellers gained one last burst of strength in the new year, as they visited the great Mesopotamian sites of Nimrud and Nineveh. Wrench supplemented his notes on the "first Babylonian dynasty" with a clutch of pressed flowers. But on the final stage, the carriage that carried their bedding tipped into the river, and it was a soaked and bedraggled company that arrived in Baghdad on February 7th of 1908. They had covered over 1,500 miles since setting out from Demirli 206 days before. Baghdad in the early twentieth century was a lively international city, and as the company recuperated they took advantage of its entertainments. On February 22nd they logged a long evening at the club, dancing and leading a round of the Cornell Yell. Their bar tab is preserved at Kroch Library. From Baghdad the travellers followed separate courses back to Istanbul, where they would reunite once more in June.

As the expedition moved out of the Hittite heartlands, we begin to see in Wrench's fieldbooks the beginnings of a new interest in the medieval architecture of the Syriac-speaking Christian communities. The first drawing to appear in his notes is a hastily-sketched plan of the early medieval Deyrulzafaran, "the saffron monastery," located outside of Mardin. Underneath he has copied the Syriac inscription that he found above the door. A few days later and a few pages further, we find a drawing of the late antique church of Mar Yakub in Nusaybin. When, in the following year, Wrench made his way back to Istanbul, he took a long detour through the Tur Abdin, the heartland of Syriac monasticism. The expedition frequently visited American missionaries along their route, celebrating Christmas in Mardin with the local mission of the American Board in Turkey. But as they pressed on across the steppes that today form the far northeastern corner of Syria, the strains of six months' steady travel began to show.

When the expedition reached Ankara, a sleepy provincial town decades away from becoming the capital of the Turkish Republic, they set to work on its greatest Roman monument, the Temple of Augustus, on which was displayed a monumental account of the deeds of the deified emperor. No squeeze had ever been taken of this "Queen of Inscriptions." The job took over two weeks, and the 92 sheets made it safely back to Cornell. They have now been digitized and are available to scholars on the Internet as part of the Grants Program for Digital Collections in Arts and Sciences. Still, the travelers reserved their greatest enthusiasm for the much older inscriptions of the Hittite kingdoms. Their first major achievement came at the Hattusha, site of the Hittite capital, where they set to work on a hieroglyphic inscription of six feet in height and over twenty feet in length, known in Turkish as "Nişantaş" (the marked stone).

For Sterrett, the expedition of 1907-08 was only the first step in an ambitious long-term plan for archaeological research in the Eastern Mediterranean. To launch his plan, Sterrett selected three recent Cornell alums. Their leader, Albert Ten Eyck Olmstead, already projects a serious, scholarly air in his yearbook photo of 1902, whose caption jokingly alludes to his freshman ambition "of teaching Armenian history to Professor Schmidt." In 1907, just before crossing to Europe, Olmstead received his Ph.D. Cornell with a dissertation on Assyrian history. Olmstead's two younger companions, Benson Charles and Jesse Wrench, were both members of the class of 1906. They had spent 1904-05 traveling in Syria and Palestine, where they rowed the Dead Sea and practiced making the "squeezes," replicas of inscriptions made by pounding wet paper onto the stone surface and letting it dry, that would form one the expedition's primary occupations. Olmstead, Wrench, and Charles made their separate ways to Athens, whence they sailed together for Istanbul.

The chapter on Erzurum is one of the most amusing. While the police were on the heels of M. de Cholet and his escort, the army lavished on him its marks of respect and performed a march past before him. Should you cherished this article in addition to you want to acquire more info regarding diyarbakir escort kindly pay a visit to our web site. He was obliged to inspect an elaborate guard of honour, and he a very junior lieutenant. To finish I should like to summarize a few general considerations dedicated to the present state of the Ottoman empire, this traveller going off in the hope of studying it closer, and whose hope, for those who read his work, will not turn out to have been dashed. Between the development of moral concepts and the progress of science there must be harmony in an equal state. In Turkey that does not exist, we see a government, under European pressure,enacting admirable reforms, buying machinery, stocking arsenals, and finding itself, when it has to impose the law, wielding new inventions and firing off shots, in the face of a hierarchy of officials whose controllers think only of exerting pressure on the controlled.